Rebecca van Amber, a textile scientist and senior lecturer at RMIT University, sheds light on the universal cause of fabric shrinkage: tension during manufacturing. Whether it's a woven masterpiece or a knitted T-shirt, the fibers are pulled taut during production. When exposed to water in the washing process, these fibers relax, leading to a reduction in length. According to Van Amber, the type of structure the fabric is made into plays a more significant role in shrinkage than the specific fiber it's composed of.

Wool, known for its luxurious feel, is susceptible to shrinkage due to the presence of scales on its surface. These scales react to the combination of heat, moisture, and agitation in a washing machine, causing them to interlock and resulting in a permanent reduction in size. Thankfully, many wool items undergo shrink-proofing treatment, allowing for safe machine washing. On the other hand, synthetic fibers like polyester are more stable due to their long single filaments, reducing the likelihood of significant shrinkage.

Opt for a cold wash and line-dry garments, as hot cycles in washing machines or tumble dryers contribute to shrinkage.

Choose a front-loading washing machine, as top-loading machines with middle agitators can be harsher on fabrics.

Expect a slight shrinkage of a few centimeters in new items, but be cautious if something shrinks more than 5%, as it may indicate a faulty garment.